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Found 213 materials that matched your criteria

Constitutive Model Name Purpose Manual
001 *MAT_ELASTIC This is Material Type 1. This is an isotropic elastic material and is available for beam, shell, and solid elements in LS-DYNA. A specialization of this material allows the modeling of fluids. Theory
001_fluid *MAT_ELASTIC_FLUID Theory
002 *MAT_{OPTION}TROPIC_ELASTIC Theory
003 *MAT_PLASTIC_KINEMATIC This is Material Type 3. This model is suited to model isotropic and kinematic hardening plasticity with the option of including rate effects. It is a very cost effective model and is available for beam (Hughes-Liu), shell, and solid elements. Theory
004 *MAT_ELASTIC_PLASTIC_THERMAL Theory
005 *MAT_SOIL_AND_FOAM Theory
006 *MAT_VISCOELASTIC This is Material Type 6. This model allows the modeling of viscoelastic behavior for beams (Hughes-Liu), shells, and solids. Also see *MAT_GENERAL_VISCOELASTIC for a more general formulation. Theory
007 *MAT_BLATZ-KO_RUBBER Theory
008 *MAT_HIGH_EXPLOSIVE_BURN This is Material Type 8. It allows the modeling of the detonation of a high explosive. In addition an equation of state must be defined. See Wilkins [1969] and Giroux [1972]. Theory
009 *MAT_NULL Theory
010 *MAT_ELASTIC_PLASTIC_HYDRO_{OPTION} Theory
011 *MAT_STEINBERG Theory
011_lund *MAT_STEINBERG_LUND Theory
012 *MAT_ISOTROPIC_ELASTIC_PLASTIC This is Material Type 12. This is a very low cost isotropic plasticity model for three-dimensional solids. In the plane stress implementation for shell elements, a one-step radial return approach is used to scale the Cauchy stress tensor to if the state of stress exceeds the yield surface. This approach to plasticity leads to inaccurate shell thickness updates and stresses after yielding. This is the only model in LS-DYNA for plane stress that does not default to an iterative approach. Theory
013 *MAT_ISOTROPIC_ELASTIC_FAILURE This is Material Type 13. This is a non-iterative plasticity with simple plastic strain failure model. Theory
014 *MAT_SOIL_AND_FOAM_FAILURE This is Material Type 14. The input for this model is the same as for *MATERIAL_SOIL_ AND_FOAM (Type 5); however, when the pressure reaches the failure pressure, the element loses its ability to carry tension. It should be used only in situations when soils and foams are confined within a structure or when geometric boundaries are present. Theory
015 *MAT_JOHNSON_COOK This is Material Type 15. The Johnson/Cook strain and temperature sensitive plasticity is sometimes used for problems where the strain rates vary over a large range and adiabatic temperature increases due to plastic heating cause material softening. When used with solid elements this model requires an equation-of-state. If thermal effects and damage are unimportant, the much less expensive *MAT_ SIMPLIFIED_JOHNSON_COOK model is recommended. The simplified model can be used with beam elements. Theory
016 *MAT_PSEUDO_TENSOR Theory
017 *MAT_ORIENTED_CRACK This is Material Type 17. This material may be used to model brittle materials which fail due to large tensile stresses. Theory
018 *MAT_POWER_LAW_PLASTICITY This is Material Type 18. This is an isotropic plasticity model with rate effects which uses a power law hardening rule. Theory
019 *MAT_STRAIN_RATE_DEPENDENT_PLASTICITY Theory
020 *MAT_RIGID Theory
021 *MAT_ORTHOTROPIC_THERMAL This is Material Type 21. A linearly elastic material with orthotropic temperature dependent coefficients can be defined. Theory
022 *MAT_COMPOSITE_DAMAGE This is Material Type 22. An orthotropic material with optional brittle failure for composites can be defined following the suggestion of [Chang and Chang 1987a,1987b]. Three failure criteria are possible, see Theoretical Manual. By using the user defined integration rule, see *INTEGRATION_SHELL, the constitutive constants can vary through the shell thickness. For all shells, except the DKT formulation, laminated shell theory can be activated to properly model the transverse shear deformation. Lamination theory is applied to correct for the assumption of a uniform constant shear strain through the thickness of the shell. For sandwich shells where the outer layers are much stiffer than the inner layers, the response will tend to be too stiff unless lamination theory is used. To turn on lamination theory see *CONTROL_SHELL. Theory
023 *MAT_TEMPERATURE_DEPENDENT_ORTHOTROPIC This is Material Type 23. An orthotropic elastic material with arbitrary temperature dependency can be defined. Theory
024 *MAT_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_PLASTICITY Theory
025 *MAT_GEOLOGIC_CAP_MODEL This is Material Type 25. This is an inviscid two invariant geologic cap model. This material model can be used for geomechanical problems or for materials as concrete, see references cited below. Theory
026 *MAT_HONEYCOMB This is Material Type 26. The major use of this material model is for honeycomb and foam materials with real anisotropic behavior. A nonlinear elastoplastic material behavior can be defined separately for all normal and shear stresses. These are considered to be fully uncoupled. See notes below. Theory
027 *MAT_MOONEY-RIVLIN_RUBBER This is Material Type 27. A two-parametric material model for rubber can be defined. Theory
028 *MAT_RESULTANT_PLASTICITY This is Material Type 28. A resultant formulation for beam and shell elements including elasto-plastic behavior can be defined. This model is available for the Belytschko-Schwer beam, the Co triangular shell, the Belytschko-Tsay shell, and the fully integrated type 16 shell. For beams, the treatment is elastic-perfectly plastic, but for shell elements isotropic hardening is approximately modeled. For a detailed description we refer to the Theoretical Manual. Since the stresses are not computed in the resultant formulation, the stresses output to the binary databases for the resultant elements are zero. Theory
029 *MAT_FORCE_LIMITED This is Material Type 29. With this material model, for the Belytschko-Schwer beam only, plastic hinge forming at the ends of a beam can be modeled using curve definitions. Optionally, collapse can also be modeled. Theory
030 *MAT_SHAPE_MEMORY This is material type 30. This material model describes the superelastic response present in shape-memory alloys (SMA), that is the peculiar material ability to undergo large deformations with a full recovery in loading-unloading cycles (See Figure 20.13). The material response is always characterized by a hysteresis loop. See the references by [Auricchio, Taylor and Lubliner, 1997] and [Auricchio and Taylor, 1997]. Theory
031 *MAT_FRAZER_NASH_RUBBER_MODEL This is Material Type 31. This model defines rubber from uniaxial test data. It is a modified form of the hyperelastic constitutive law first described in [Kendington 1988]. See also the notes below. Theory
032 *MAT_LAMINATED_GLASS Theory
033 *MAT_BARLAT_ANISOTROPIC_PLASTICITY This is Material Type 33. This model was developed by Barlat, Lege, and Brem [1991] for modeling anisotropic material behavior in forming processes. The finite element implementation of this model is described in detail by Chung and Shah [1992] and is used here. It is based on a six parameter model, which is ideally suited for 3D continuum problems, see notes below. For sheet forming problems, material 36 based on a 3-parameter model is recommended. Theory
033_96 *MAT_BARLAT_YLD96 This is Material Type 33. This model was developed by Barlat, Maeda, Chung, Yanagawa, Brem, Hayashida, Lege, Matsui, Murtha, Hattori, Becker, and Makosey [1997] for modeling anisotropic material behavior in forming processes in particular for aluminum alloys. This model is available for shell elements only. Theory
034 *MAT_FABRIC Theory
035 *MAT_PLASTIC_GREEN-NAGHDI_RATE Theory
036 *MAT_3-PARAMETER_BARLAT Theory
037 *MAT_TRANSVERSELY_ANISOTROPIC_ELASTIC_PLASTIC This is Material Type 37. This model is for simulating sheet forming processes with anisotropic material. Only transverse anisotropy can be considered. Optionally an arbitrary dependency of stress and effective plastic strain can be defined via a load curve. This plasticity model is fully iterative and is available only for shell elements. Also see the notes below. Theory
038 *MAT_BLATZ-KO_FOAM Theory
039 *MAT_FLD_TRANSVERSELY_ANISOTROPIC This is Material Type 39. This model is for simulating sheet forming processes with anisotropic material. Only transverse anisotropy can be considered. Optionally, an arbitrary dependency of stress and effective plastic strain can be defined via a load curve. A Forming Limit Diagram (FLD) can be defined using a curve and is used to compute the maximum strain ratio which can be plotted in LS-POST. This plasticity model is fully iterative and is available only for shell elements. Also see the notes below. Theory
040 *MAT_NONLINEAR_ORTHOTROPIC Theory
041-050 *MAT_USER_DEFINED_MATERIAL_MODELS Theory
051 *MAT_BAMMAN This is Material Type 51. It allows the modeling of temperature and rate dependent plasticity with a fairly complex model that has many input parameters [Bamman, 1989]. Theory
052 *MAT_BAMMAN_DAMAGE This is Material Type 52. This is an extension of model 51 which includes the modeling of damage. See [Bamman, et.al., 1990]. Theory
053 *MAT_CLOSED_CELL_FOAM This is Material Type 53. This allows the modeling of low density, closed cell polyurethane foam. It is for simulating impact limiters in automotive applications. The effect of the confined air pressure is included with the air being treated as an ideal gas. The general behavior is isotropic with uncoupled components of the stress tensor. Theory
054 *MAT_ENHANCED_COMPOSITE_DAMAGE Theory
055 *MAT_ENHANCED_COMPOSITE_DAMAGE Theory
057 *MAT_LOW_DENSITY_FOAM This is Material Type 57 for modeling highly compressible low density foams. Its main applications are for seat cushions and padding on the Side Impact Dummies (SID). Optionally, a tension cut-off failure can be defined. Also, see the notes below. Theory
058 *MAT_LAMINATED_COMPOSITE_FABRIC This is Material Type 58. Depending on the type of failure surface, this model may be used to model composite materials with unidirectional layers, complete laminates, and woven fabrics. This model is implemented for shell elements only. Theory
059 *MAT_COMPOSITE_FAILURE_OPTION_MODEL This is Material Type 59. Theory
060 *MAT_ELASTIC_WITH_VISCOSITY This is Material Type 60 which was developed to simulate forming of glass products (e.g., car windshields) at high temperatures. Deformation is by viscous flow but elastic deformations can also be large. The material model, in which the viscosity may vary with temperature, is suitable for treating a wide range of viscous flow problems and is implemented for brick and shell elements. Theory
060c *MAT_ELASTIC_WITH_VISCOSITY_CURVE Theory
061 *MAT_KELVIN-MAXWELL_VISCOELASTIC This is Material Type 61. This material is a classical Kelvin-Maxwell model for modeling viscoelastic bodies, e.g., foams. This model is valid for solid elements only. See also notes below. Theory
062 *MAT_VISCOUS_FOAM This is Material Type 62. It was written to represent the Confor Foam on the ribs of EuroSID side impact dummy. It is only valid for solid elements, mainly under compressive loading. Theory
063 *MAT_CRUSHABLE_FOAM This is Material Type 63 which is dedicated to modeling crushable foam with optional damping and tension cutoff. Unloading is fully elastic. Tension is treated as elastic-prefectly-plastic at the tension cut-off value. A modified version of this model, *MAT_MODIFIED_ CRUSHABLE_FOAM inlcudes strain rate effects. Theory
064 *MAT_RATE_SENSITIVE_POWERLAW_PLASTICITY This is Material Type 64 which will model strain rate sensitive elasto-plastic material with a power law hardening. Optionally, the coefficients can be defined as functions of the effective plastic strain. Theory
065 *MAT_MODIFIED_ZERILLI_ARMSTRONG This is Material Type 65 which is a rate and temperature sensitive plasticity model which is sometimes preferred in ordnance design calculations. Theory
066 *MAT_LINEAR_ELASITC_DISCRETE_BEAM This is Material Type 66. This material model is defined for simulating the effects of a linear elastic beam by using six springs each acting about one of the six local degrees-of-freedom. The two nodes defining a beam may be coincident to give a zero length beam, or offset to give a finite length beam. For finite length discrete beams the absolute value of the variable SCOOR in the SECTION_BEAM input should be set to a value of 2.0, which causes the local r-axis to be aligned along the two nodes of the beam to give physically correct behavior. The distance between the nodes of a beam should not affect the behavior of this model. A triad is used to orient the beam for the directional springs. Translational/rotational stiffness and viscous damping effects are considered for a local cartesian system, see notes below. Applications for this element include the modeling of joint stiffnesses. Theory
067 *MAT_NONLINEAR_ELASITC_DISCRETE_BEAM This is Material Type 67. This material model is defined for simulating the effects of nonlinear elastic and nonlinear viscous beams by using six springs each acting about one of the six local degrees-of-freedom. The two nodes defining a beam may be coincident to give a zero length beam, or offset to give a finite length beam. For finite length discrete beams the absolute value of the variable SCOOR in the SECTION_BEAM input should be set to a value of 2.0, which causes the local r-axis to be aligned along the two nodes of the beam to give physically correct behavior. The distance between the nodes of a beam should not affect the behavior of this material model. A triad is used to orient the beam for the directional springs. Arbitrary curves to model transitional/ rotational stiffness and damping effects are allowed. See notes below. Theory
068 *MAT_NONLINEAR_PLASITC_DISCRETE_BEAM This is Material Type 68. This material model is defined for simulating the effects of nonlinear elastoplastic, linear viscous behavior of beams by using six springs each acting about one of the six local degrees-of-freedom. The two nodes defining a beam may be coincident to give a zero length beam, or offset to give a finite length beam. For finite length discrete beams the absolute value of the variable SCOOR in the SECTION_BEAM input should be set to a value of 2.0, which causes the local r-axis to be aligned along the two nodes of the beam to give physically correct behavior. The distance between the nodes of a beam should not affect the behavior of this material model. A triad is used to orient the beam for the directional springs. Translational/rotational stiffness and damping effects can be considered. The plastic behavior is modeled using force/moment curves versus displacements/ rotation. Optionally, failure can be specified based on a force/moment criterion and a displacement/ rotation criterion. See also notes below. Theory
069 *MAT_SID_DAMPER_DISCRETE_BEAM Theory
070 *MAT_HYDRAULIC_GAS_DAMPER_DISCRETE_BEAM This is Material Type 70. This special purpose element represents a combined hydraulic and gas-filled damper which has a variable orifice coefficient. A schematic of the damper is shown in Figure 20.23. Dampers of this type are sometimes used on buffers at the end of railroad tracks and as aircraft undercarriage shock absorbers. This material can be used only as a discrete beam element. See also notes below. Theory
071 *MAT_CABLE_DISCRETE_BEAM This is Material Type 71. This model permits elastic cables to be realistically modeled; thus, no force will develop in compression. Theory
072 *MAT_CONCRETE_DAMAGE This is Material Type 72. This model has been used to analyze buried steel reinforced concrete structures subjected to implusive loadings. Theory
072r3 *MAT_CONCRETE_DAMAGE_REL3 Theory
073 *MAT_LOW_DENSITY_VISCOUS_FOAM Theory
074 *MAT_ELASTIC_SPRING_DISCRETE_BEAM This is Material Type 74. This model permits elastic springs with damping to be combined and represented with a discrete beam element type 6. Linear stiffness and damping coefficients can be defined, and, for nonlinear behavior, a force versus deflection and force versus rate curves can be used. Displacement based failure and an initial force are optional Theory
075 *MAT_BILKHU/DUBOIS_FOAM This is Material Type 75. This model is for the simulation of isotropic crushable forms. Uniaxial and triaxial test data have to be used. For the elastic response, the Poisson ratio is set to zero. Theory
076 *MAT_GENERAL_VISCOELASTIC Theory
077_h *MAT_HYPERELASTIC_RUBBER Theory
077_o *MAT_OGDEN_RUBBER Theory
078 *MAT_SOIL_CONCRETE This is Material Type 78. This model permits concrete and soil to be efficiently modeled. See the explanations below. Theory
079 *MAT_HYSTERETIC_SOIL Theory
080 *MAT_RAMBERG-OSGOOD This is Material Type 80. This model is intended as a simple model of shear behavior and can be used in seismic analysis. Theory
081 *MAT_PLASTICITY_WITH_DAMAGE This is Material Types 81 and 82. An elasto-visco-plastic material with an arbitrary stress versus strain curve and arbitrary strain rate dependency can be defined. Damage is considered before rupture occurs. Also, failure based on a plastic strain or a minimum time step size can be defined. Theory
082_rcdc *MAT_PLASTICITY_WITH_DAMAGE_ORTHO_RCDC Theory
083 *MAT_FU_CHANG_FOAM This is Material Type 83. Rate effects can be modeled in low and medium density foams, see Figure 20.31. Hysteretic unloading behavior in this model is a function of the rate sensitivity with the most rate sensitive foams providing the largest hystersis and visa versa. The unified constitutive equations for foam materials by Fu Chang [1995] provides the basis for this model. The mathematical description given below is excerpted from the reference. Further improvements have been incorporated based on work by Hirth, Du Bois, and Weimar [1998]. Their improvements permit: load curves generated by drop tower test to be directly input, a choice of principal or volumetric strain rates, load curves to be defined in tension, and the volumetric behavior to be specified by a load curve. Theory
084 *MAT_WINFRITH_CONCRETE This is Material Type 84 and Material Type 85, only the former of which includes rate effects. The Winfrith concrete model is a smeared crack (sometimes known as pseudo crack), smeared rebar model, implemented in the 8-node single integration point continuum element. This model was developed by Broadhouse and Neilson [1987], and Broadhouse [1995] over many years and has been validated against experiments. The input documentation given here is taken directly form the report by Broadhouse. The Fortran subroutines and quality assurance test problems were also provided to LSTC by the Winfrith Technology Center. The rebar is defined in the section: *MAT_WINFRITH_ CONCRETE_REINFORCEMENT which follows. Theory
085 *MAT_WINFRITH_CONCRETE Theory
086 *MAT_ORTHOTROPIC_VISCOELASTIC This is Material Type 86. It allows the definition of an orthotropic material with a viscoelastic part. This model applies to shell elements. Theory
087 *MAT_CELLULAR_RUBBER Theory
088 *MAT_MTS Theory
089 *MAT_PLASTICITY_POLYMER This is Material Type 89. An elasto-plastic material with an arbitrary stress versus strain curve and arbitrary strain rate dependency can be defined. It is intended for applications where the elastic and plastic sections of the response are not so clearly distinguishable as they are for metals. Rate dependency of failure strain is included. Many polymers show a more brittle response at high rates of strain. The material model is currently available only for shell elements. Theory
090 *MAT_ACOUSTIC This is Material Type 90. This model is appropriate for tracking low pressure stress waves in an acoustic media such as air or water and can be used only with the acoustic pressure element formulation. The acoustic pressure element requires only one unknown per node. This element is very cost effective. Optionally, cavitation can be allowed. Theory
091 *MAT_SOFT_TISSUE This is Material Type 91 (OPTION=) or Material Type 92 (OPTION=VISCO). This material is a transversely isotropic hyperelastic model for representing biological soft tissues such as ligaments, tendons, and fascia. The representation provides an isotropic Mooney-Rivlin matrix reinforced by fibers having a strain energy contribution with the qualitative material behavior of collagen. The model has a viscoelasticity option which activates a six-term Prony series kernel for the relaxation function. In this case, the hyperelastic strain energy represents the elastic (long-time) response. See Weiss et al. [1996] and Puso and Weiss [1998] for additional details. The material is available for use with brick and shell elements. When used with shell elements, the Belytschko-Tsay formulation (#2) must be selected. Theory
092 *MAT_SOFT_TISSUE_VISCO Theory
093 *MAT_ELASTIC_6DOF_SPRING_DISCRETE_BEAM This is Material Type 93. This material model is defined for simulating the effects of nonlinear elastic and nonlinear viscous beams by using six springs each acting about one of the six local degrees-of-freedom. The input consists of part ID\\\\\\\'s that reference material type, *MAT_ELASTIC_SPRING_DISCRETE_BEAM above (type 74 above). Generally, these referenced parts are used only for the definition of this material model and are not referenced by any elements. The two nodes defining a beam may be coincident to give a zero length beam, or offset to give a finite length beam. For finite length discrete beams the absolute value of the variable SCOOR in the SECTION_BEAM input should be set to a value of 2.0, which causes the local r-axis to be aligned along the two nodes of the beam to give physically correct behavior. The distance between the nodes of a beam should not affect the behavior of this material model. A triad is used to orient the beam for the directional springs. Theory
094 *MAT_INELASTIC_SPRING_DISCRETE_BEAM This is Material Type 94. This model permits elastoplastic springs with damping to be represented with a discrete beam element type 6. A yield force versus deflection curve is used which can vary in tension and compression. Theory
095 *MAT_INELASTC_6DOF_SPRING_DISCRETE_BEAM This is Material Type 95. This material model is defined for simulating the effects of nonlinear inelastic and nonlinear viscous beams by using six springs each acting about one of the six local degrees-of-freedom. The input consists of part ID\\\\\\\'s that reference material type, *MAT_ INELASTIC_SPRING_DISCRETE_BEAM above (type 94). Generally, these referenced parts are used only for the definition of this material model and are not referenced by any elements. The two nodes defining a beam may be coincident to give a zero length beam, or offset to give a finite length beam. For finite length discrete beams the absolute value of the variable SCOOR in the SECTION_BEAM input should be set to a value of 2.0, which causes the local r-axis to be aligned along the two nodes of the beam to give physically correct behavior. The distance between the nodes of a beam should not affect the behavior of this material model. A triad must be used to orient the beam for zero length beams. Theory
096 *MAT_BRITTLE_DAMAGE This is Material Type 96. Theory
097 *MAT_GENERAL_JOINT_DISCRETE_BEAM This is Material Type 97. This model is used to define a general joint constraining any combination of degrees of freedom between two nodes. The nodes may belong to rigid or deformable bodies. In most applications the end nodes of the beam are coincident and the local coordinate system (r,s,t axes) is defined by CID (see *SECTION_BEAM). Theory
098 *MAT_SIMPLIFIED_JOHNSON_COOK This is Material Type 98. The Johnson/Cook strain sensitive plasticity is used for problems where the strain rates vary over a large range. In this simplified model, thermal effects and damage are ignored, and the maximum stress is directly limited since thermal softening which is very significant in reducing the yield stress under adiabatic loading is not available. An iterative plane stress update is used for the shell elements, but due to the simplifications related to thermal softening and damage, this model is 50% faster than the full Johnson/Cook implementation. To compensate for the lack of thermal softening, limiting stress values are used to keep the stresses within reasonable limits. A resultant formulation for the Belytschko-Tsay, the C0 Triangle, and the fully integrated type 16 shell elements is activated by specifying either zero or one through thickness integration point on the *SHELL_SECTION card. This latter option is less accurate than through thickness integration but is somewhat faster. Since the stresses are not computed in the resultant formulation, the stress output to the databases for the resultant elements are zero. This model is also available for the Hughes-Liu beam, the Belytschko-Schwer beam, and the truss element. For the resultant beam formulation, the rate effects are approximated by the axial rate since the thickness of the beam about it bending axes is unknown. The linear bulk modulus is used to determine the pressure in the elements, since the use of this model is primarily for structural analysis. Theory
099 *MAT_SIMPLIFIED_JOHNSON_COOK_ORTHOTROPIC_DAMAGE This is Material Type 99. This model, which is implemented only for shell elements with multiple through thickness integration points, is an extension of model 98 to include orthotropic damage as a means of treating failure in aluminum panels. Directional damage begins after a defined failure strain is reached in tension and continues to evolve until a tensile rupture strain is reached in either one of the two orthogonal directions. After rupture is detected at all integration points, the element is deleted. Theory
100 *MAT_SPOTWELD_{OPTION} Theory
100_da *MAT_SPOTWELD_DAIMLERCHRYSLER Theory
101 *MAT_GEPLASTIC_SRATE_2000A This is Material Type 101. The GEPLASTIC_SRATE_2000a material model characterizes General Electric\\\\\\\'s commercially available engineering thermoplastics subjected to high strain rate events. This material model features the variation of yield stress as a function of strain rate, cavitation effects of rubber modified materials and automatic element deletion of either ductile or brittle materials. Theory
102 *MAT_INV_HYPERBOLIC_SIN This is Material Type 102. It allows the modeling of temperature and rate dependent plasticity, Sheppard and Wright [1979]. Theory
103 *MAT_ANISOTROPIC_VISCOPLASTIC This is Material Type 103. This anisotropic-viscoplastic material model applies to shell and brick elements. The material constants may be fit directly or, if desired, stress versus strain data may be input and a least squares fit will be performed by LS-DYNA to determine the constants. Kinematic or isotopic or a combination of kinematic and isotropic hardening may be used. A detailed description of this model can be found in the following references: Berstad, Langseth, and Hopperstad [1994]; Hopperstad and Remseth [1995]; and Berstad [1996]. Theory
103_p *MAT_ANISOTROPIC_PLASTIC Theory
104 *MAT_DAMAGE_1 This is Material Type 104. This is a continuum damage mechanics (CDM) model which includes anisotropy and viscoplasticity. The CDM model applies to shell, thick shell, and brick elements. A more detailed description of this model can be found in the paper by Berstad, Hopperstad, Lademo, and Malo [1999]. This material model can also model anisotropic damage behavior by setting the FLAG to -1 in Card 2. Theory
105 *MAT_DAMAGE_2 This is Material Type 105. This is an elastic viscoplastic material model combined with continuum damage mechanics (CDM). This material model applies to shell, thick shell, and brick elements. The elastoplastic behavior is described in the description of material model #24. A more detailed description of the CDM model is given in the description of material model #104 above. Theory
106 *MAT_ELASTIC_VISCOPLASTIC_THERMAL This is Material Type 106. This is an elastic viscoplastic material with thermal effects. Theory
107 *MAT_MODIFIED_JOHNSON_COOK Theory
108 *MAT_ORTHO_ELASTIC_PLASTIC Theory
110 *MAT_JOHNSON_HOLMQUIST_CERAMICS This is Material Type 110. This Johnson-Holmquist Plasticity Damage Model is useful for modeling ceramics, glass and other brittle materials. A more detailed description can be found in a paper by Johnson and Holmquist [1993]. Theory
111 *MAT_JOHNSON_HOLMQUIST_CONCRETE This is Material Type 111. This model can be used for concrete subjected to large strains, high strain rates and high pressures. The equivalent strength is expressed as a function of the pressure, strain rate, and damage. The pressure is expressed as a function of the volumetric strain and includes the effect of permanent crushing. The damage is accumulated as a function of the plastic volumetric strain, equivalent plastic strain and pressure. A more detailed of this model can be found in the paper by Holmquist, Johnson, and Cook [1993]. Theory
112 *MAT_FINITE_ELASTIC_STRAIN_PLASTICITY This is Material Type 112. An elasto-plastic material with an arbitrary stress versus strain curve and arbitrary strain rate dependency can be defined. The elastic response of this model uses a finite strain formulation so that large elastic strains can develop before yielding occurs. This model is available for solid elements only. See Remarks below. Theory
113 *MAT_TRIP Theory
114 *MAT_LAYERED_LINEAR_PLASTICITY This is Material Type 114. A layered elastoplastic material with an arbitrary stress versus strain curve and an arbitrary strain rate dependency can be defined. This material must be used with the user defined integration rules, see *INTEGRATION-SHELL, for modeling laminated composite and sandwich shells where each layer can be represented by elastoplastic behavior with constitutive constants that vary from layer to layer. Lamination theory is applied to correct for the assumption of a uniform constant shear strain through the thickness of the shell. Unless this correction is applied, the stiffness of the shell can be grossly incorrect leading to poor results. Generally, without the correction the results are too stiff. This model is available for shell elements only. Also, see Remarks below. Theory
115 *MAT_UNIFIED_CREEP This is Material Type 115. This is an elastic creep model for modeling creep behavior when plastic behavior is not considered. Theory
116 *MAT_COMPOSITE_LAYUP This is Material Type 116. This material is for modeling the elastic responses of composite layups that have an arbitrary number of layers through the shell thickness. A pre-integration is used to compute the extensional, bending, and coupling stiffness for use with the Belytschko-Tsay resultant shell formulation. The angles of the local material axes are specified from layer to layer in the *SECTION_SHELL input. This material model must be used with the user defined integration rule for shells, see *INTEGRATION_SHELL, which allows the elastic constants to change from integration point to integration point. Since the stresses are not computed in the resultant formulation, the stresses output to the binary databases for the resultant elements are zero. Note that this shell does not use laminated shell theory and that storage is allocated for just one integration point (as reported in D3HSP) regardless of the layers defined in the integration rule. Theory
117 *MAT_COMPOSITE_MATRIX This is Material Type 117. This material is used for modeling the elastic responses of composites where a pre-integration is used to compute the extensional, bending, and coupling stiffness coefficients for use with the Belytschko-Tsay resultant shell formulation. Since the stresses are not computed in the resultant formulation, the stresses output to the binary databases for the resultant elements are zero. Theory
118 *MAT_COMPOSITE_DIRECT This is Material Type 118. This material is used for modeling the elastic responses of composites where a pre-integration is used to compute the extensional, bending, and coupling stiffness coefficients for use with the Belytschko-Tsay resultant shell formulation. Since the stresses are not computed in the resultant formulation, the stresses output to the binary databases for the resultant elements are zero. Theory
119 *MAT_GENERAL_NONLINEAR_6DOF_DISCRETE_BEAM This is Material Type 119. This is a very general spring and damper model. This beam is based on the MAT_SPRING_GENERAL_NONLINEAR option. Additional unloading options have been included. The two nodes defining the beam may be coincident to give a zero length beam, or offset to give a finite length beam. For finite length discrete beams the absolute value of the variable SCOOR in the SECTION_BEAM input should be set to a value of 2.0 or 3.0 to give physically correct behavior. A triad is used to orient the beam for the directional springs. Theory
120 *MAT_GURSON This is Material Type 120. This is the Gurson dilational-plastic model. This model is currently available for shell elements only. A detailed description of this model can be found in the following references: Gurson [1975,1977]; Chu and Needleman [1980]; and Tvergaard and Needleman[1984]. The implementation in LS-DYNA is based on the implementation of Feucht [1998] and Fa߮acht [1999], which was recoded at LSTC. Theory
120_jc *MAT_GURSON_JC Theory
120_rcdc *MAT_GURSON_RCDC Theory
121 *MAT_GENERAL_NONLINEAR_1DOF_DISCRETE_BEAM This is Material Type 121. This is a very general spring and damper model. This beam is based on the MAT_SPRING_GENERAL_NONLINEAR option and is a one-dimensional version of the 6DOF_ DISCRETE_BEAM above. Additional unloading options have been included. Theory
122 *MAT_HILL_3R Theory
123 *MAT_MODIFIED_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_PLASTICITY This is Material Type 123. An elasto-plastic material with an arbitrary stress versus strain curve and arbitrary strain rate dependency can be defined. This model is currently available for shell elements only. Another model, MAT_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_PLASTICITY, is similar but lacks the enhanced failure criteria. Failure is based on effective plastic strain, plastic thinning, the major principal in plane strain component, or a minimum time step size. See the discussion under the model description for MAT_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_PLASTICITY if more information is desired. Theory
124 *MAT_PLASTICITY_COMPRESSION_TENSION This is Material Type 124. An isotropic elastic-plastic material where unique yield stress versus plastic strain curves can be defined for compression and tension. Also, failure can occur based on a plastic strain or a minimum time step size. Rate effects are modeled by using the Cowper-Symonds strain rate model. Theory
125 *MAT_KINEMATIC_HARDENING_TRANSVERSELY_ANISOTROPIC Theory
126 *MAT_MODIFIED_HONEYCOMB This is Material Type 126. The major use of this material model is for aluminum honeycomb crushable foam materials with anisotropic behavior. Two yield surfaces are available. In the first, nonlinear elastoplastic material behavior can be defined separately for all normal and shear stresses, which are considered to be fully uncoupled. In the second, which will be available in June 2003 (the first updated release of version 970), a yield surface is defined that considers the effects of off axis loading. The second yield surface is transversely anisotropic. The choice of yield surfaces is flagged by the sign of the first load curve ID, LCA. The development of the second yield surface is based on experimental test results of aluminum honeycomb specimens at Toyota Motor Corporation. The default element for this material is solid type 0, a nonlinear spring type brick element. The recommended hourglass control is the type 2 viscous formulation for one point integrated solid elements. The stiffness form of the hourglass control when used with this constitutive model can lead to nonphysical results since strain localization in the shear modes can be inhibited. Theory
127 *MAT_ARRUDA_BOYCE_RUBBER This is Material Type 127. This material model provides a hyperelastic rubber model, see [Arruda and Boyce, 1993] combined optionally with linear viscoelasticity as outlined by [Christensen 1980]. Theory
128 *MAT_HEART_TISSUE This is Material Type 128. This material model provides a heart tissue model described in the paper by Guccione, McCulloch, and Waldman [1991]. This model is transversely anisotropic. Theory
129 *MAT_LUNG_TISSUE This is Material Type 129. This material model provides a hyperelastic model for heart tissue, see [Vawter, 1980] combined optionally with linear viscoelasticity as outlined by [Christensen 1980]. Theory
130 *MAT_SPECIAL_ORTHOTROPIC This is Material Type 130. This model is available the Belytschko-Tsay and the C0 triangular shell elements and is based on a resultant stress formulation. In-plane behavior is treated separately from bending in order to model perforated materials such as television shadow masks. If other shell formulations are specified, the formulation will be automatically switched to Belyschko-Tsay. As implemented, this material model cannot be used with user defined integration rules. Theory
131 *MAT_ISOTROPIC_SMEARED_CRACK Theory
132 *MAT_ORTHOTROPIC_SMEARED_CRACK Theory
133 *MAT_BARLAT_YLD2000 Theory
135 *MAT_WTM_STM Theory
135_plc *MAT_WTM_STM_PLC Theory
136 *MAT_CORUS_VEGTER Theory
138 *MAT_COHESIVE_MIXED_MODE Theory
139 *MAT_MODIFIED_FORCE_LIMITED Theory
140 *MAT_VACUUM This is Material Type 140. This model is a dummy material representing a vacuum in a multi-material Euler/ALE model. Theory
141 *MAT_RATE_SENSITIVE_POLYMER This is Material Type 141. This model is for the simulation of an isotropic ductile polymer with strain rate effects, [Stouffer and Dame 1996]. Uniaxial test data has to be used. Theory
142 *MAT_TRANSVERSELY_ANISOTROPIC_CRUSHABLE_FOAM This is Material Type 142. This model is for an extruded foam material that is transversely anisotropic, crushable, and of low density with no significant Poisson effect. This material is used in energy-absorbing structures to enhance automotive safety in low velocity (bumper impact) and medium high velocity (interior head impact and pedestrian safety) applications. The formulation of this foam is due to Hirth, Du Bois, and Weimar and is documented by Du Bois [2001]. This model behaves in a more physical way for off axis loading the material, *MAT_HONEYCOMB, which can exhibit nonphysical stiffening for loading conditions that are off axis. The load curves are used to define a yield surface that bounds the deviatoric stress tensor. Theory
143 *MAT_WOOD_{OPTION} Theory
144 *MAT_PITZER_CRUSHABLE_FOAM This is Material Type 144. This model is for the simulation of isotropic crushable forms with strain rate effects. Uniaxial and triaxial test data have to be used. For the elastic response, the Poisson ratio is set to zero. Theory
145 *MAT_SCHWER_MURRAY_CAP_MODEL This is Material Type 145. The Schwer Theory
146 *MAT_1DOF_GENERALIZED_SPRING This is Material Type 146. This is a linear spring or damper that allows different degrees-of-freedom at two nodes to be coupled with a liner spring and/or damper. Theory
147 *MAT_FHWA_SOIL This is Material Type 147. This is an isotropic material with damage and is available for solid elements. The model has a modified Mohr-Coulomb surface to determine the pressure dependent peak shear strength. It was developed for applications involving roadbase soils by Lewis [1999] for the FHWA, who extended the work of Abbo and Sloan [1995] to include excess pore water effects. Theory
147_n *MAT_FHWA_SOIL_NEBRASKA Theory
148 *MAT_GAS_MIXTURE Theory
151 *MAT_EMMI Theory
153 *MAT_DAMAGE_3 Theory
154 *MAT_DESHPANDE_FLECK_FOAM Theory
155 *MAT_PLASTICITY_COMPRESSION_TENSION_EOS Theory
156 *MAT_MUSCLE Theory
157 *MAT_ANISOTROPIC_ELASTIC_PLASTIC Theory
158 *MAT_RATE_SENSITIVE_COMPOSITE_FABRIC Theory
159 *MAT_CSCM_{OPTION} Theory
161 *MAT_COMPOSITE_MSC Theory
162 *MAT_COMPOSITE_DMG_MSC Theory
163 *MAT_MODIFIED_CRUSHABLE_FOAM Theory
164 *MAT_BRAIN_LINEAR_VISCOELASTIC Theory
165 *MAT_PLASTIC_NONLINEAR_KINEMATIC Theory
166 *MAT_MOMENT_CURVATURE_BEAM Theory
167 *MAT_MCCORMICK Theory
168 *MAT_POLYMER Theory
169 *MAT_ARUP_ADHESIVE Theory
170 *MAT_RESULTANT_ANISOTROPIC Theory
171 *MAT_STEEL_CONCENTRIC_BRACE Theory
172 *MAT_CONCRETE_EC2 Theory
173 *MAT_MOHR_COULOMB Theory
174 *MAT_RC_BEAM Theory
175 *MAT_VISCOELASTIC_THERMAL Theory
176 *MAT_QUASILINEAR_VISCOELASTIC Theory
177 *MAT_HILL_FOAM Theory
178 *MAT_VISCOELASTIC_HILL_FOAM Theory
179 *MAT_LOW_DENSITY_SYNTHETIC_FOAM_{OPTION} Theory
181 *MAT_SIMPLIFIED_RUBBER/FOAM_{OPTION} Theory
183 *MAT_SIMPLIFIED_RUBBER_WITH_DAMAGE Theory
184 *MAT_COHESIVE_ELASTIC Theory
185 *MAT_COHESIVE_TH Theory
186 *MAT_COHESIVE_GENERAL Theory
187 *MAT_SAMP-1 Theory
188 *MAT_THERMO_ELASTO_VISCOPLASTIC_CREEP Theory
189 *MAT_ANISOTROPIC_THERMOELASTIC Theory
190 *MAT_FLD_3-PARAMETER_BARLAT Theory
191 *MAT_SEISMIC_BEAM Theory
192 *MAT_SOIL_BRICK Theory
193 *MAT_DRUCKER_PRAGER Theory
194 *MAT_RC_SHEAR_WALL Theory
195 *MAT_CONCRETE_BEAM Theory
196 *MAT_GENERAL_SPRING_DISCRETE_BEAM Theory
197 *MAT_SEISMIC_ISOLATOR Theory
198 *MAT_JOINTED_ROCK Theory
s01 *MAT_SPRING_ELASTIC Theory
s02 *MAT_DAMPER_VISCOUS Theory
s03 *MAT_SPRING_ELASTOPLASTIC Theory
s04 *MAT_SPRING_NONLINEAR_ELASTIC Theory
s05 *MAT_DAMPER_NONLINEAR_VISCOUS Theory
s06 *MAT_SPRING_GENERAL_NONLINEAR Theory
s07 *MAT_SPRING_MAXWELL Theory
s08 *MAT_SPRING_INELASTIC Theory
s13 *MAT_SPRING_TRILINEAR_DEGRADING Theory
s14 *MAT_SPRING_SQUAT_SHEARWALL Theory
s15 *MAT_SPRING_MUSCLE Theory
ale_01 *MAT_ALE_VACUUM Theory
ale_02 *MAT_ALE_VISCOUS Theory
ale_03 *MAT_ALE_GAS_MIXTURE Theory
b01 *MAT_SEATBELT Theory
t01 *MAT_THERMAL_ISOTROPIC Theory
t02 *MAT_THERMAL_ORTHOTROPIC Theory
t03 *MAT_THERMAL_ISOTROPIC_TD Theory
t04 *MAT_THERMAL_ORTHOTROPIC_TD Theory
t05 *MAT_THERMAL_ISOTROPIC_PHASE_CHANGE Theory
t06 *MAT_THERMAL_ISOTROPIC_TD_LC Theory
t11-t15 *MAT_THERMAL_USER_DEFINED Theory